Pakistan and India have fought on three occasions since partition in 1947. The first, undeclared, war began almost at once, when the Hindu maharaja of the predominately Muslim region of Jammu and Kashmir decided, his state should accede to India rather than Pakistan.
Before independence, the British Indian army was to be divided between Pakistan and India, but the process could only begin weeks before sectarian massacres escalated and Kashmir became a concern. On 19 July, the War Department was separated, and several units began shifting components. British Indian Army numbered 400,000. The new Indian army got 260,000 troops, while Pakistan got the rest. Despite a 25-year-old 'Indianization' campaign, there were still 13,500 British officers in a 22,000-strong officer corps. Pakistan got enough officers. The shortage was filled up by retaining 500 British officers (including the commander-in-chief and his deputy) and commissioning the rest from the ranks and, in certain cases, from civilians. There were 56 Pakistani colonels and major generals.
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